PA6 聚酰胺6或尼龙6

典型应用范围:
由于有很好的机械强度和刚度被广泛用于结构部件。由于有很好的耐磨损特性，还用于制造轴承。

注塑模工艺条件:
干燥处理：由于PA6很容易吸收水分，因此加工前的干燥特别要注意。如果材料是用防水材料包装
供应的，则容器应保持密闭。如果湿度大于0.2%，建议在80C以上的热空气中干燥16小时。如果
材料已经在空气中暴露超过8小时，建议进行105C，8小时以上的真空烘干。
熔化温度：230~280C，对于增强品种为250~280C。
模具温度：80~90C。模具温度很显著地影响结晶度，而结晶度又影响着塑件的机械特性。
对于结构部件来说结晶度很重要，因此建议模具温度为80~90C。对于薄壁的，流程较长的塑件
也建议施用较高的模具温度。增大模具温度可以提高塑件的强度和刚度，但却降低了韧性。
如果壁厚大于3mm，建议使用20~40C的低温模具。对于玻璃增强材料模具温度应大于80C。
注射压力：一般在750~1250bar之间（取决于材料和产品设计）。
注射速度：高速（对增强型材料要稍微降低）。
流道和浇口:
由于PA6的凝固时间很短，因此浇口的位置非常重要。浇口孔径不要小于0.5*t
（这里t为塑件厚度）。如果使用热流道，浇口尺寸应比使用常规流道小一些，
因为热流道能够帮助阻止材料过早凝固。如果用潜入式浇口，浇口的最小直径应当是0.75mm。

化学和物理特性:
PA6的化学物理特性和PA66很相似，然而，它的熔点较低，而且工艺温度范围很宽。
它的抗冲击性和抗溶解性比PA66要好,但吸湿性也更强。因为塑件的许多品质特性
都要受到吸湿性的影响，因此使用PA6设计产品时要充分考虑到这一点。为了提高
PA6的机械特性，经常加入各种各样的改性剂。玻璃就是最常见的添加剂，有时为了
提高抗冲击性还加入合成橡胶，如EPDM和SBR等。
对于没有添加剂的产品，PA6的收缩率在1%到1.5%之间。加入玻璃纤维添加剂可以使
收缩率降低到0.3%（但和流程相垂直的方向还要稍高一些）。成型组装的收缩率主要
受材料结晶度和吸湿性影响。实际的收缩率还和塑件设计、壁厚及其它工艺参数成函数关系。

PA 6

Generic Class

PA 6 (Polyamide 6, or Nylon 6, or Polycaprolactam)

Applications

Used in many structural applications because of its good mechanical strength and rigidity. It is used in bearings because of its good wear resistance.

Injection Molding processing conditions

Drying	Since PA 6 absorbs moisture readily, care should be taken to ensure its dryness prior to molding. If the material is supplied in watertight packaging, the containers should be kept closed. If the moisture content is >0.2%, drying in a hot air oven at 80 C (176 F) for 16 hours is recommended. If the material has been exposed to air for more than 8 hours, vacuum drying at 105 C (221 F) for more than 8 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature	230 - 280 C (446 - 536 F); 250 - 300 C (482 - 572 F) for reinforced grades
Mold Temperature	80 - 90 C (176 - 194 F). Mold temperature significantly influences the crystallinity level which in turn affects the mechanical properties. For structural parts, a high degree of crystallization is required and mold temperatures of 80 - 90 C (176 - 194 F) are recommended. High mold temperatures are also recommended for thin-wall parts with long flow lengths. Increasing the mold temperature increases the strength and hardness, but the toughness is decreased. When the wall thickness is greater than 3 mm, a cold mold is recommended (20 - 40 C / 68 - 104 F), which leads to a higher and more uniform degree of crystallinity. Glass reinforced resins are always processed at mold temperatures greater than 80 C (176 F).
Resin Injection Pressure	Generally between 750 - 1,250 bar (~11,000 - 18,000 psi) (depends on material and product design)
Injection Speed	High (slightly lower for reinforced grades)

Runners and Gates

The gate location is important because of very fast freeze-off times. Any type of gate may be used; the aperture should not be less than half the thickness of the part. When hot runners are used, the size of the gates can be smaller than when cold runners are used, because premature freeze-off is prevented. When using submarine gates, the minimum diameter of the gate should be 0.75 mm.

Chemical and Physical Properties

The molecular structure of polyamides consist of amide (CONH) groups joined by linear aliphatic sections (based on methylene groups). The toughness, rigidity, crystallinity, and thermal resistance of polyamide resins are due to the strong interchain attraction caused by the polarity of the amide groups. The CONH groups also cause a lot of moisture absorption.

Nylon 6 is produced by polymerization of caprolactam. The chemical and physical properties are similar to that of PA 66. However, its melting point is lower than PA 66 and it has a wider processing temperature range. Its impact strength and solvent resistance are better than PA 66, but its moisture absorption is higher. Many properties are affected by moisture absorption, which must be taken into account when designing with this resin. Various modifiers are added to improve mechanical properties; glass is one of the most commonly used fillers. Addition of elastomers such as EPDM or SBR improves impact resistance.

For unfilled grades, shrinkage is of the order of .01 - .015 mm/mm (1 - 1.5%). Addition of glass fibers reduce the shrinkage to as low as 0.3% in the flow direction (but could be as high as 1% in the cross-flow direction). The post-molding shrinkage is affected mainly by the crystallinity level and moisture absorption. The actual shrinkage is a function of part design, wall thickness, and processing conditions.

Major Manufacturers

BASF (Ultramid B), DuPont (Zytel), DSM (Akulon)